The least velocity required to throw a body away from the surface of a planet so that it may not return is (radius of the planet is $6.4 \times 10^6 \ m$,$g = 9.8 \ m/s^2$).

The masses of two fixed spheres are $M$ and $2M$ and the radius of each sphere is $R$. Their centres are $10R$ apart. The minimum speed with which a particle of mass $\frac{M}{10}$ be projected from the mid-point of the line joining the centres of the two spheres so that it escapes to infinity is . . . . . . .

$A$ spaceship of mass $2 \times 10^4 \, kg$ is launched into a circular orbit close to the Earth's surface. The additional velocity to be imparted to the spaceship in the orbit to overcome the gravitational pull will be $......$ (given $g = 10 \, m/s^2$ and radius of Earth $R = 6400 \, km$).

$A$ body of mass $m$ is projected with velocity $\lambda v_{e}$ in a vertically upward direction from the surface of the earth into space. It is given that $v_{e}$ is the escape velocity and $\lambda < 1$. If air resistance is considered to be negligible,then the maximum height from the center of the earth,to which the body can go,will be: ($R$: radius of earth)

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labelled as Reason $R$.
Assertion $A$: Earth has an atmosphere,whereas the Moon does not have any atmosphere.
Reason $R$: The escape velocity on the Moon is very small compared to that on the Earth.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The ratio of the orbital velocity of a body near the surface of a planet to the escape velocity of a body from the surface of the same planet is: